{"id":12452,"date":"2026-11-03T14:56:09","date_gmt":"2026-11-03T13:56:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hactebcn.org\/actualitat\/cyberspace-is-a-contemporary-form-of-arid-territory-blanca-pujals-begins-from-the-pixel-to-the-rare-earth-within-the-framework-of-the-barcelona-crea-hacte-grant\/"},"modified":"2026-11-03T17:07:16","modified_gmt":"2026-11-03T16:07:16","slug":"cyberspace-is-a-contemporary-form-of-arid-territory-blanca-pujals-begins-from-the-pixel-to-the-rare-earth-within-the-framework-of-the-barcelona-crea-hacte-grant","status":"publish","type":"actualitat","link":"https:\/\/www.hactebcn.org\/en\/actualitat\/cyberspace-is-a-contemporary-form-of-arid-territory-blanca-pujals-begins-from-the-pixel-to-the-rare-earth-within-the-framework-of-the-barcelona-crea-hacte-grant\/","title":{"rendered":"“Cyberspace is a contemporary form of arid territory”, Blanca Pujals begins ‘From the pixel to the rare earth’, within the framework of the Barcelona Crea-HacTe Grant"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

From pixel to rare earth. RGB \u2013> REE<\/em> explores the relationship between the digital world and the material infrastructures that make it possible, following the trail of rare earth elements involved in the generation of color on screens. The research is part of the second edition of the Barcelona Crea \u2013 HacTe grant, “Knowing not knowing: arid territories”, corresponding to the 2026 call.<\/p>\n\n

“The project proposes to understand cyberspace as a contemporary form of arid territory,” explains Blanca Pujals. The research is based on a paradox: “Despite presenting itself as an immaterial, infinite and delocalized environment, as we already know, its existence depends on complex extractive, energy and logistical infrastructures that remain mostly invisible.” Based on this tension, the project investigates the environmental, social and geopolitical consequences of the extraction of rare earths, materials considered strategic and critical for the digital and ecological transition.<\/p>\n\n

In this first phase, Pujals will carry out documentary and contextual research on the RGB model, the use of rare earths in digital screens and the prospecting carried out for these mineral resources in Catalonia. We talked to the artist about the starting point of this research and the collaborations with HacTe member entities.<\/p>\n\n

How did your interest in rare earths come about? What leads you to connect them with the color of screens and digital infrastructures?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

In 2015, the environmental lawyer Elena Sol\u00eds, a member of Ecologistas en Acci\u00f3n, a grassroots environmental confederation made up of 300 environmental groups and founded in 1998, presented the case of Campo de Montiel, in La Mancha, to the Centre for Research Architecture (CRA) at Goldsmiths, University of London, where the Spanish company Quantum Miner\u00eda had presented a plan to extract monazite, a mineral rich in rare earth elements, in 2011. At that time, from the CRA we helped to visualize the impact of that extraction so that Ecologistas en Acci\u00f3n and the neighborhood platform S\u00ed a la Tierra Viva could communicate to local communities the effects of that mining on their ecosystem and its real impact on the surface, in response to the opaque plan and with deficiencies in the technical evaluations, proposed by Quantum Miner\u00eda. In addition, at that time I was developing the project Americium 241. The Palomares Incident<\/em> (Blanca Pujals, 2015-16), and I was already interested in the elements of the periodic table and their role in technologies, which I have continued to investigate over the years. Rare earth elements (REE) are elements of the periodic table considered essential for the digital and ecological transition, due to their magnetic, optical and electronic properties, which allow, for example, to improve the quality and resolution of screens, or to reduce the size and increase the speed of electronic devices.<\/p>\n\n

\"Optical
Optical characterization of nanomaterials doped with trivalent europium forvisualization applications. Source: Journal of Materials Science: Electronics<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

What question or hypothesis guides your research for<\/strong> From the Pixel to the Rare Earth<\/em><\/strong>?<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n

The project proposes to understand cyberspace as a contemporary form of arid territory. Despite presenting itself as an immaterial, infinite and delocalized environment, as we already know, its existence depends on complex extractive, energy and logistical infrastructures that remain mostly invisible. Even the millions of ghost websites<\/em>, dead webs<\/em>, digital ruins<\/em> and forgotten web<\/em> spaces, abandoned in data centers, continue to consume mineral and energy resources.<\/p>\n\n

From pixel to rare earth<\/em> explores the relationships between this contemporary digital territory and the material infrastructures that make it possible, by tracing where the colors we see on our screens come from. In the ‘physical’ world, color perception is the result of light reflected by objects. Instead, much of our current visual experience takes place in a digital environment where colors are not reflected but emitted directly by millions of pixels. Currently, these colors are obtained with rare earth elements (REE). The project also explores the new emerging ways of obtaining color in contemporary screens and devices that transform or displace the classic model of the RGB pixel.<\/p>\n\n

When you propose to trace the path that connects the screen to the mine, what worries you? <\/strong><\/p>\n\n

The contradictions of rare earth elements manifest themselves in both the material and symbolic spheres. Although they are presented as indispensable for sustainability and ecological transition, they are used as instruments of political and economic pressure. At the same time, their extraction deepens historical geographical asymmetries, processes of socio-territorial dispossession, generates present and deferred toxic effects, and intensifies tensions between environmental protection and the dominant narratives of economic progress. In addition, the discourse of “strategic necessity” that is used to justify their extraction for the digital and ecological transition, includes their irreplaceable role in the development of countries’ military and defense technology, which is why they are considered critical minerals in global geopolitics.<\/p>\n\n

The issue of rare earths is often perceived as a delocalized or global geopolitical issue: what interests you in focusing on the geological context and mining memory of Catalonia? <\/strong><\/p>\n\n

The implementation of the European Regulation on Fundamental Raw Materials (2024) and the new state plans for the exploration and exploitation of mineral resources (2025) have led to new prospecting and rare earth exploitation projects in various territories of Spain. For example, in 2017, as a result of citizen protests and the neighbourhood association S\u00ed a la Terra Viva, and unfavourable environmental reports, the regional government of Castilla-La Mancha rejected the project in Campo del Montiel. At the beginning of 2024, however, Quantum Miner\u00eda applied for new exploration permits again, arguing the strategic need to ensure the supply of rare earths in Europe.<\/p>\n\n

\"Old
Old mine in Catalonia<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

The project, due to its proximity, focuses on the context of Catalonia and the prospections carried out in old mines, quarries and geological formations where hundreds of geological samples have already been collected and sent to specialized laboratories in Canada to evaluate their extractive potential. In addition, recently, the Spanish Government, the Generalitat de Catalunya, employers’ organizations and large companies have expressed their commitment to turning Catalonia into one of the hubs of the dual-use industry of the State, that is, one that develops technologies and products with both civil and military applications. The declaration “We must change the mentality of the automobile for that of defence” made in May of this year by Jos\u00e9 Vicente de los Mozos, the current director of Indra, at an event in Sant Cugat del Vall\u00e8s in the presence of the Catalan Minister of Business, summarises the possible establishment of industrial and technological priorities.<\/p>\n\n

Your proposal proposes collaborations with member entities of HacTe and researchers such as the geologist Josep Maria Mata-Perell\u00f3. What synergies would you like to weave?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

The conversations with the different centres are in an initial phase, and there is interest on the part of all parties to start this collaboration. With each of them we have identified the specific research groups and researchers with whom to work. Specifically, the research group in Computational\/structural color and quantum dots<\/em><\/a> Institute of Photonic Sciences (ICFO), the research group on functional nanomaterials and luminescent materials of the Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2)<\/a>, and the Department of Mining, Industrial and ICT Engineering<\/a> of the Polytechnic University of Catalonia (UPC) with whom I am interested in delving into the physicochemical properties of rare earths and their presence in deposits and recent research on these resources in Catalonia. This November I have planned several visits to the ICN2 in Bellaterra (UAB), to the ICFO in Castelldefels and to the Department of Mining, Industrial and ICT Engineering in Manresa, to learn about their lines of research and identify possible forms of collaboration.<\/p>\n\n

With the geologist Josep Maria Mata-Perell\u00f3, promoter and president of the Spanish Society for the Defense of Geological and Mining Heritage (SEDPGYM), knowledgeable about the context and local communities, and recognized for his research on mining heritage, economic geology and mineral resources in Catalonia, we have already chosen a series of relevant locations and we will make a first visit to the sites in November. He already addressed the issue of rare earths in the territory in his doctoral thesis in 1981.<\/p>\n\n

In this first phase of the CREA HacTe grant, the main objective is not necessarily to produce a specific result, but to develop a first phase of documentary and contextual research focused on the RGB model, the use of rare earths in the generation of color on digital screens and rare earths in the context of Catalonia. I also want to investigate the new policies and legislative frameworks related to the prospecting and extraction of strategic minerals, to know the mines and infrastructures where prospecting has been carried out in Catalonia and, above all, to understand the research that the centers are carrying out, to identify forms of collaboration, and to consolidate this network, even between the centers. I am especially interested in the grant being an opportunity to establish shared working bases that can have continuity.<\/p>\n\n

Barcelona Crea 2026 Scholarship, with the support of the Institute of Culture \u2013 Barcelona City Council.<\/em><\/p>\n\n

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